NOAA makes available a number of data products, most notably, hydrographic and coastal datasets. One of my favorite data extraction tools is the NOAA Coastline extractor. The tool searches several possible data products based on a geographic range specified by the user. Desired output can be optionally requested as ArcInfo, Matlab, or Mapgen and a compressed file is then presented for download. Data is derived from sets that range in scale from 1:70K - 1:5 million.
Several other coastline data products are available from NOAA including:
NOAA's Medium Resolution Digital Vector Shoreline - Compiled from hundreds of NOAA coast charts, this product comprises over 75,000 nautical miles of coastline (nearly 2.5 million vertices), representing the entire conterminous United States of America. Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands, Puerto Rico, and all other interests and territories of the United States are not included in the collection. See http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/shorelines/noaamrdvs.html
NGDC Coastal Relief Model - This Coastal Relief Gridded database provides the first comprehensive view of the US Coastal Zone; one that extends from the coastal state boundaries to as far offshore as the NOS hydrographic data will support a continuous view of the seafloor. See http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/coastal/coastal.html
GSHHS - A Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline Database - The shorelines are constructed entirely from hierarchically arranged closed polygons. The data can be used to simplify data searches and data selections, or to study the statistical characteristics of shorelines and land-masses. Downloadble as shapefiles from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/shorelines/data/gshhs/
This useful resource has been around for a number of years. I recall hyping it in one of the first issues of a previous publication that I founded. The NOAA shoreline extractor is still as useful as ever... (too bad I can't say the same about the old pub!)